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This article has been withdrawn as it was published elsewhere and accidentally duplicated. The original article can be seen here: 10.1108/eb002205. When citing the article, please cite: Ray Pine, (1986), “Equipment Training in the UK Catering Industry”, Journal of European Industrial Training, Vol. 10 Iss: 5, pp. 17 - 19.

The UK catering industry has significant economic importance, creating employment for more than two million people and developing an annual turnover of around £14,000 million, much of which is earned from visitors to this country. Not only is the industry large, it is expanding to satisfy the greater and extremely variable demands being placed upon it.

This paper is based on findings from a two‐year MPhil research project that aimed to examine the development of hotel chains in China since 1978 and to recommend policy and operational guidelines for their further expansion. The study confirmed the unique nature of the hotel industry in China, existing as it does in a country moving from a centrally planned economic system that is strongly influenced by communist dogma towards a Western‐style market economy. This paper identifies and discusses four main categories of barriers to chain development, namely: economic and political systems; hotel ownership; hotel management capability and resources; and competition between local and foreign firms. Massive growth in China’s hotel industry is forecast, and this presents a great attraction for hotel companies. However, the need to understand and appreciate these barriers is recommended to any company, local or foreign, contemplating doing business in this unusual but potentially very large market place.

Franchising develops quickly in the hotel industry with the expansion and globalization of hotel chains, as it brings about advantages and sets up a very good leverage between two parties – franchisor and franchisee. Major multinational hotel corporations have entered China, but franchising is seldom used as a tool of expansion there. The continuous increase in tourism and the structural change in the hotel industry in China afford more opportunities for the growth of franchising operations and also of indigenous hotel chains. When franchising in this specific market, quality control, ownership, connection, business tradition and franchisor‐franchisee relationships should be examined carefully in order to ensure success. A full understanding of China’s peculiar social, cultural, economic and political context is essential for foreign companies, whilst existing and new indigenous companies require greater technical and operating expertise along with the necessary business acumen to operate hotel chains.

Before the economic downturn, most analysts considered Asia as one of the most active regions in the world. Now, the sentiment has changed, and many people are beginning to worry about its future prospects. This paper first examines the impact of the Asian economic downturn on the hospitality and tourism industry. It then turns to review the region’s hospitality trends and environments. The information should be of interest to hotel operators, governments, and research institutions.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) first appeared in February 2002 in China’s Guangdong Province before emerging in neighbouring Hong Kong in late February. The epidemic had a negatively profound impact on tourism around the world, with particularly strong impacts on countries in South‐East Asia. This paper will present a brief SARS chronology with critical events or impacts on Hong Kong’s tourism industry.

Presents the results of an empirical study of work motivation and job satisfaction among managers in Chinese restaurants in Hong Kong. The findings indicated that work environment, job itself, and rewards are critical factors in predicting managers’ satisfaction in this specific catering sector. A significant relationship was found between job satisfaction and turnover intentions that has supported many studies in the discipline of social psychology. In addition, sectorial and cultural specificity is suggested to address the unique characteristic of the Hong Kong Chinese restaurant environment.

International tourism as an industry is the outcome of China’s economic reform and open policy to the outside world initiated in the late 1970s, and it has become one of the important foreign exchange earners, playing an increasingly significant role in the country’s national economy. The paper explains the main stages of its development and identifies the important changes in the past two decades. It analyzes the opportunities and challenges with which China’s international tourism is confronted, and further suggests the choices of policies and strategies China should undertake for its international tourism development in the new millennium and on the threshold of joining the World Trade Organization.

The purpose of this paper is to provide a personal view of changes and trends in hospitality research since the formation of the International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Research, and the context of those changes.

A micro-auto-ethnographic approach is used based on observation and experiences of the author as an editor of a journal since 1993.

As with other forms of research, hospitality research has become commodified by universities, has been much influenced by changes in greater availability of analytical software packages, and been much influenced by new challenges in the industry, notably globalisation and the rise of Asia.

The paper provides a list of current issues for research within a context of changing demands being made on academic researchers.

X-ray pulsar navigation (XPNAV) is an autonomous celestial navigation technology for deep space missions. The error in the pulse time of arrival used in pulsar navigation is large for various practical reasons and thus greatly reduces the navigation accuracy of spacecraft near the Earth and in deep space. This paper aims to propose a novel method based on ranging information that improves the performance of XPNAV.

This method replaces one pulsar observation with a satellite observation. The ranging information is the difference between the absolute distance of the satellite relative to the spacecraft and the estimated distance of the satellite relative to the spacecraft. The proposed method improves the accuracy of XPNAV by combining the ranging information with the observation data of two pulsars.

The simulation results show that the proposed method greatly improves the XPNAV accuracy by 70% compared with the conventional navigation method that combines the observations of three pulsars. This research also shows that a larger angle between the orbital plane of the satellite and that of the spacecraft provides higher navigation accuracy. In addition, a greater orbital altitude difference implies higher navigation accuracy. The position error and ranging error of the satellite have approximately linear relationships with the navigation accuracy.

The novelty of this study is that the satellite ranging information is integrated into the pulsar navigation by using mathematical geometry.